What does an aircraft's center of gravity (CG) placement affect?

The center of gravity (CG) placement is crucial because it directly impacts the aircraft's balance and handling characteristics. The CG is the point where the aircraft's weight is evenly distributed, and its location affects stability and control during flight.

When the CG is within the designated range, the aircraft handles predictably, allowing for more effective maneuverability and stability. If the CG is too far forward or too far aft, it can lead to undesirable flight characteristics such as difficulty in controlling pitch or increased stall tendencies. Therefore, the proper placement of the CG ensures that the aircraft can be flown safely and efficiently, maintaining favorable aerodynamic and operational qualities.

While factors like fuel consumption, cabin comfort, and landing gear performance can be influenced by various parameters, they are not as directly related to CG placement as balance and handling are. Thus, the effect of CG on an aircraft's balance and handling capabilities is paramount.