Which of the following wind conditions can make an aircraft fly faster over the ground than its true airspeed?

When an aircraft experiences a tailwind, it means that the wind is blowing in the same direction that the aircraft is traveling. This condition effectively adds to the aircraft's speed over the ground. The true airspeed (TAS) is a measure of how fast the aircraft is moving through the air, but the ground speed (GS) is how fast it is moving relative to the ground beneath it. A tailwind boosts the ground speed above the true airspeed, resulting in the aircraft flying faster over the ground. This can be particularly useful during takeoff and landing phases of flight when maximizing ground speed can help in reaching the necessary distances efficiently.

In contrast, headwinds would slow the aircraft down relative to the ground, crosswinds primarily affect lateral position without increasing ground speed significantly, and updrafts can alter vertical speed without directly influencing the aircraft's horizontal speed across the ground.